Gherardo Colombo
"Clean Hands" has hit the golden heart of the underworld. But the struggle to thwart the investigation was continuing, "he writes in the preface Gherardo Colombo, four hands of his latest book (" Amen deception ", publisher Garzanti) made with writer journalist Corrado Stajano. Gherardo Colombo was the first magistrate judge and then co-owner Ambrosoli investigations into the murder of the lawyer (the liquidator of the banking empire Michele Sindona killed by a killer), the P2 and funds blacks IRI. As deputy public prosecutor at the court in Milan is part of the pool since 1992 "Clean Hands" which exposed the incredible intertwining of politics and business has led to the crisis and the dissolution of the parties of the First Republic, involving thousands of people in a whirlwind tour bribes, and distort the free market rules as well as those of a political game fair and transparent. His book is a collection of correspondence, other times when we think of things to phones, faxes, e-mail, 32 letters that friends Gherardo and Conrad have exchanged from 19 February to 31 December 1999. Talking about everything that happened, the Kosovo war, the controversy about the D'Alema government. But above all, talking about Tangentopoli, trying to give answers (Gherardo) to the many questions that the Italians (and Conrad) are made. Now those classic and even stale ("Why Di Pietro resigned?", "Why was sent an invitation to appear just as Berlusconi presided over a large international gathering in Naples?"), To the most disturbing and important (" E 'served to denounce the system of corruption? It' s true that continues today in various forms to reproduce? "). Read This book is important for those who want to reflect on what really happened in Italy at the end of the century. But meanwhile I try to ask questions to the judge, conscious of her prudence and understanding. Every time he answers questions from a journalist, even if repeats is saying things for years, even if it expresses views that are absolutely entitled to express, break out the controversy.
One year of "match" between her and Conrad Stajano. Why that year? Because those 32 letters? For
case. We did not think at the beginning that could come out a book. We just started writing for the fun to write.
to reflect ...
Exactly.
That year, in his head, had a special connotation? You were driven by pessimism, disappointment about how things are going to end, from a prescription to another?
I do not see this book as a pessimistic book. The things that we wrote are, from my point of view, realistic. I, as far as possible, I am optimistic.
But talk of "sinking of every civil passion" ...
It 's a finding of fact. Pessimism and optimism are categories applicable to the future not the present.
So if I play well, you see the 'sinking' but do you think you can go ahead.
It 's like throwing seeds in a field. Not germinate immediately but may sprout in the future. Take what he did Ambrosoli: it was absolutely new in the past. In the past the custom was to charge citizens with the bankruptcies of the bankers. The seeds sown by Ambrosoli at the moment did not seem to give any result, however, have data later.
But Clean Hands, at the beginning, had aroused high hopes. But today ... I do not want
quotation, but said in July 1992 that required a special measure.
A kind of amnesty was called ...
improperly amnesty. Amnesty was not, but it makes it a good idea.
Technically, what was it?
was the exclusion of the main sentence. Who had cooperated by the names of accomplices, and had returned the money away from political life would not go to jail.
What could produce such a measure?
The discovery of the facts of widespread corruption in this country in recent years.
more than has happened.
E 'very little success. The discovery through investigation has been very limited. This
brake Clean Hands Who has the place?
many factors. Times exasperating process, the constant change of rules in the process, the inefficiency of international legal assistance, for example.
say however: "Clean Hands" is defeated?
Clean Hands is over. And 'The time of great corruption inquiries, and processes are solving more and more frequently in the prescription. It seems to be back in time, when the constitutional principle that all citizens are equal before the law was often contradicted by reality.
She cites as reasons for the slow pace of justice, the prescription, generalized distrust ...
The generalized mistrust has been generated by the slow pace of justice and by prescription.
I still remember the excitement of the first month, consent and encouragement to move forward ...
who apply justice does not take into account either the consent or dissent of the people.
but I feel the different attitude of the people ... There was
, but our work had no relief. Certainly, however, that when citizens disagree with the rules is easier to uncover irregularities. However, if people disagree with the rules discovered irregularities it becomes very difficult.
Your book seems to say a final word on one of the biggest judicial investigations on political corruption in this country.
It seems to me excessive. I would say that was contributed by reasoning.
think it would be fair to do some self-criticism? The excess of players in the pool for example.
In the book I think I have answered almost all the criticisms that have been addressed. Do not think I have to add more. Comments
there were made many
... I think that this criticism has always responded regularly in all locations, even in those courts. A
criticism is that there are just too used to have the weapon of the complaints.
We appeal to the complaints, too? Feel to the murder or of the forger is not something over which you can shut up. You must answer, it is your duty to respond with a lawsuit, it is your right. We have been accused, more or less, of having committed crimes, have done our job in part, to have exploited, to have committed abuses, and so on. These are not critical. The criticism must have a minimum basis of root in reality.
She is disappointed by this political season? Here's another
request not to do.
In the book, however, she gives some answers.
In the book, in my letters, establish facts, and maybe comment them. In an interview would be impossible.
To avoid the controversy that we were at the time of the interview with D'Avanzo? On that occasion she was attacked mainly by the left. You accuse the left to protect. Is there any contradiction in these allegations.
The fact they have been attacked on that side, it is certainly inconsistent with the allegations that we are on the opposite side. But these are definitely not our business.
Once the press also made inquiries and uncovered misdeeds. Today, however, do not do that.
's true. Except some exceptional and rare. Very little.
In the book I read: "The left does what you expect from the right." What do you mean?
I was referring specifically to the "security package", ie all'inasprimento penalties for certain offenses, such as police and army to use similar measures proposed in early 1999.
Now what can you do? Is there a way to go? Or should we resign? His optimism stems from what?
From what I said before, by however, the seeds that will sprout. Today we see the results but in the future we will start from a higher step. Today there is something more than what was there before. Before Ambrosoli was impossible to do certain things that are possible now. If it were not Ambrosoli would be very difficult it would come even to Clean Hands.
What is your position today with respect to pardons, amnesties, pardons?
is becoming a rather indifferent to these processes, because more or less everything now is prescribed.
requests which have been bogged down in putting a spanner in the "Clean Hands?
Even for non-response to requests. But the requirements do not depend only on the requests. Depend on the fact that it has become almost impossible to administer justice in this country. If the requests they had a greater response would be discovered much more. Over 600 requests for assistance we have requested. But requests and requirements are two factors that interact and are both important.
Why is it said that the pool was falling apart?
Season of major investigations of corruption is a season that no longer exists. If there is no longer the season to do these investigations, I wonder what would continue to employ three or four full-time people in this area.
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